Hot-cracking susceptibility and shear fracture behavior of dissimilar Ti6Al4V/AA6060 alloys in pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding

Laser welding of dissimilar titanium/aluminum alloys has been employed at an increasing rate, particularly in the aerospace industry, owing to its advantages in terms of current design flexibility and fuel/cost savings. The major problem with dissimilar Ti/Al welds arises from the difference in the thermal expansion and contraction of the two metals, which leads to hot-cracking susceptibility and the mitigation of the mechanical property after welding. In the present study, pulsed Nd:YAG laser welding of Ti6Al4V and AA6060 has been addressed. Hot-cracking susceptibility in the heat affected zone and the shear fracture behavior of the lap joints were investigated through microstructural characterization and mechanical tests. The results indicate that the hot cracking tendency can be reduced by increasing the pulse peak power (7.5–8.5 kW) and the laser point diameter (0.8–1.0 mm) with specific pulse duration and overlap. An alternative control strategy for less hot cracks in the Ti/Al lap joint can be to increase the weld width and decrease the cooling rate during solidification. The shear fracture of the Ti/Al lap joint is likely to occur along the lower side path of the weld interface with decreasing weld surface collapsed amount and increasing aluminum base metal melt depth.     

Investigation on surface integrity of electron beam melted Ti-6Al-4 V by precision grinding and electropolishing

Electron beam melting (EBM), as an excellent Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology, enables the printing of Ti-6Al-4 V alloy for a wide range of applications such as aerospace and biomechanical industries. It improves functionality and integrity of components and negates complexities in assembly processes. However, due to the poor surface and sub-surface integrity represented by the rough surface finish and low dimensional accuracy, achieving a favorable surface condition is quite challenging. Therefore, post processing becomes essential for these electron beam melted (EBM-ed) Ti-6Al-4 V alloys. Being the most common technique to improve such parts, milling of Ti-6Al-4 V alloy is very challenging and resulting tool wear issues, due to its unique material properties. Thus, this paper presents a comprehensive study on the surface integrity of EBM-ed Ti-6Al-4 V parts processed by precision grinding and electropolishing, aiming to qualitatively and quantitatively clarify the interrelation between process parameters and processed surface quality. The surface and subsurface characteristics such as profile accuracy, surface roughness, microstructure, defective layer and residual stress before and after post processing were compared and evaluated. The results show that by precision grinding, the profile accuracy was improved from over 300 µm PV to 7 µm PV, while surface roughness (R_a) was reduced from 30 µm to about 2 µm. The layer with partially melt particles was removed, but introduced a deformed subsurface layer with more residual stress. Then by applying electropolishing, the residual stress was released and the deformed layer was removed. In addition, R_a was further reduced to 0.65 µm. The research can serve as a reference for the integration of post machining processes with AM.     

固溶处理工艺对2219铝合金力学性能的影响

针对铝合金在硝盐槽中固溶热处理存在加热介质不环保、超温爆炸的问题,以2219铝合金不同厚度板材为对象,研究了空气介质加热固溶处理工艺对2219铝合金力学性能的影响。探索了其力学性能随固溶处理保温时间的变化规律,并观察了6 mm板材典型的热处理工艺:(535±5)℃/70 min固溶,(165±5)℃/960 min时效,板材显微组织的析出相呈细小弥散状分布,对合金有较好的强化效果。试验获得了不同厚度2219铝合金板材较为理想的固溶处理工艺参数。合金热处理后的力学性能达到了产品的技术指标:抗拉强度R_m≥405 MPa,屈服强度Rp0.2≥286 MPa,延伸率A11.3≥10%。2219铝合金空气介质加热固溶处理工艺技术已替代硝盐介质固溶处理技术,并在运载火箭贮箱结构件中得到成功应用。     

High-temperature tribological behaviors of a Cr-Si co-alloyed layer on TA15 alloy

A Cr-Si co-alloyed layer was successfully deposited on TA15 alloy by the double glow plasma surface technology to improve its poor wear resistance at elevated temperature.The microstructure,composition,and phase structure of the layer were investigated by SEM,EDS,and XRD.The tribological behaviors of the Cr-Si co-alloyed layer at 20 ℃ and 500 ℃ were analyzed in details.The results indicated that the friction coefficient and wear rate of the Cr-Si coalloyed layer at 20 ℃ and 500 ℃ were much lower than those of the substrate,which was due to higher hardness and superior elastic modulus.This layer may become an approach to effectively improving the wear resistance of TA15 alloy at elevated temperature.     

工艺参数对2A97T3铝锂合金光纤激光焊接焊缝成形的影响

通过系统的工艺试验研究了1.2mm的2A97T3铝锂合金光纤激光焊接工艺参数对焊缝成形的影响。结果表明:增大焊接热输入会使焊缝熔宽及背宽比增加,其中背面熔宽变化显著,而正面熔宽变化幅度较小;焊接热输入过大时,会出现因焊缝下塌而导致熔宽减小的现象。随着焊接速度和激光功率的增大,形成深熔焊缝的参数范围会越来越窄。在线能量相同的情况下,高速焊所获得的焊缝成形较好,热导焊焊缝硬度明显高于深熔焊焊缝的硬度。     

CF8611/AC531复合材料性质及其与7B04铝合金接触腐蚀的电化学研究

设计了CF8611/AC531复合材料的正面(Front surface,FS)试件和侧面(Side surface,SS)试件及3.5%NaCl+12.5%Cu_2SO_4电解液,借助电化学工作站、扫描电镜和扫描振动电极等设备,开展了复合材料和7B04-T74铝合金在不同状态下的电化学测量及偶接全浸试验。在恒温35℃、3.5%NaCl溶液中浸泡0h和96h后,FS试件自腐蚀电位和自腐蚀电流密度分别为96和117mV,1.742×10~(-7)和2.213E×10~(-7) A/cm~2,铝合金则分别为-870和-897mV,2.920×10~(-5)和3.068×10~(-5) A/cm~2。FS和SS试件在恒温35℃、3.5%NaCl+12.5%Cu_2SO_4电解液中的极化电流密度分别为3.99×10~(-4)和1.01×10~(-3) A/cm~2,且在碳纤维裸露处均有明显Cu金属沉积;在恒温35℃、3.5%NaCl电解液中,FS/7B04偶对电偶电流密度均值为6.75E×10~(-6) A/cm~2,低于SS/7B04偶对的6.2×10~(-5) A/cm~2。结果表明:复合材料电化学性能稳定;FS试件电化学活性低于SS试件;证明了碳纤维在复合材料电化学响应中的贡献,指出了原始表面存在碳纤维裸露缺陷,由此划分了活性阴极区和惰性阴极区;接触腐蚀中铝合金的主要腐蚀形式是点蚀,并伴有少量沟状腐蚀,揭示了沟状腐蚀的发生机理和发展路径;SS试件对铝合金的电偶效应较FS试件显著,讨论了偶对中复合材料未失效的原因,指出表面阴极点及Al 3+的水解可能会减弱电偶效应。     

钛合金风扇叶片磨抛加工性能试验研究

针对钛合金风扇叶片磨抛加工中砂轮易磨损、工件表面易烧伤的问题,开展了钛合金材料磨抛加工性试验研究,主要考察砂轮选型、磨抛工艺参数等关键因素对钛合金材料磨抛加工性的影响,并对试验结果进行了分析研究。试验结果表明,在保证工件表面加工质量(R_a0.8μm,表面无烧伤)的前提下,普通磨料砂轮GC46L10V磨抛加工钛合金的材料去除率和磨抛比分别可达5000mm~3/min和2.5,超硬磨料陶瓷结合剂CBN砂轮磨抛加工钛合金的材料去除率和磨抛比分别可达2000mm~3/min和4。基于研究结果,针对钛合金风扇叶片开展了砂带磨抛加工验证试验,工件加工质量良好。     

不同热处理工艺下激光增材制造TC4钛合金组织与性能研究进展

由于激光增材制造(Laser Additive Manufacturing,LAM)TC4钛合金加工成形过程的特殊性,导致该合金在力学性能上存在明显的各向异性,同时韧性、疲劳性能不能很好地满足使用要求。从材料组织与力学性能之间的关系出发,介绍了不同热处理工艺对激光增材制造TC4钛合金组织与力学性能的影响,指出了当前激光增材制造TC4钛合金热处理研究中存在的问题,并为后续激光增材制造TC4钛合金的热处理研究提供思路与方向。     

Inconel617合金表面电子束熔覆WC-CoCr显微组织和耐磨性研究

Inconel617合金材料在实际应用中以耐腐蚀性、高温抗氧化性能和耐磨性为主。但是,其本身耐磨性比较低。为了提高Inconel617合金表面耐磨性,采用高速火焰喷涂与电子束表面改性技术在Inconel617合金表面制备了WC–Co Cr陶瓷涂层。分析了合金层的微观组织结构和元素分布情况,测试了合金层的硬度与耐磨性。结果表明,在电子束熔覆处理过程中,涂层重熔与基体形成冶金结合,使其耐磨性能大大提高。熔覆层硬度相比Inconel617合金硬度高出620HV0.3。     

钛合金TB6铣削表面粗糙度与表面缺陷研究

钛合金TB6铣削表面粗糙度对其使用性能具有重要影响,通过试验研究端面铣削参数、干铣削和刀具磨损对表面粗糙度及表面缺陷的影响。研究表明:表面粗糙度对每齿进给量变化最为敏感,其次是铣削宽度,再次为铣削深度,铣削速度最小;刀具磨损量(VB)对粗糙度产生明显影响,尤其VB大于0.2mm时,表面粗糙度将急剧增加,并导致划痕、孔洞缺陷;不同铣削条件下均存刀痕、侧流、隆起等缺陷;干铣削时加工表面出现熔敷物或熔滴,并增大毛刺;毛刺随切削速度的增大而变小,随刀具磨损量VB的增加而变大。钛合金TB6适宜在冷却润滑条件下低速铣削加工。